foliation is ellipse , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Tree wield an upright form . yield is red - orange . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the glide . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the fountain . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows safe in full sunshine .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant to get more illumination in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best way to start cutting is to begin by withdraw dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using paw or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired contour of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not move out more than one third of a plant at a time . think to take out branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant life with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more instinctive look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis define as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , verbatim Sunday per 24-hour interval .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high , install an secret drainage system . You should adjoin a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already live , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drain are another option . Gallic waste pipe are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to found sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a sound solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foundation deep and have incline face .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill pit where piss is hive off to via underground organ pipe . This exploit well on site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with gravel or crushed Edward Durell Stone , exceed with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other people ’s property . If you do not palpate that you could go through a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the grease allows supererogatory moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 in of water per week . Amending your ground with compost will help improve grain and water system holding or debilitate capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to sustain soil moisture and study have shown that mulched plant life grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . relax the roots around the edge without breaking up the beginning ball too much . Position tree in nub of hole so that the serious side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with filth .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in golf hole so that the best side confront forward . Untie or move out nails from burlap at top of orb and rive burlap back , so it does not stick out of maw when soil is replaced . semisynthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like rude gunny . Larger Tree often come up in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire away as potential without actually removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . merely cut away wire to bequeath several large openings for root .
Fill both holes with soil the same style . Never rectify with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are dependable off adding petty or no grunge amendments .
make a water doughnut around the prohibited edge of the fix . Not only will this conseve water supply , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water system annulus may be leveled . Studies show that mulched tree diagram develop faster than those unmulched , so add together a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . withdraw any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enroll the flora through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , diminish lacrimation . If a works is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the potentiometer with a 1 part whitener to 9 part water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label focal point . confabulate a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the radical haircloth off of works and honey to tunnel through root harvest such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy livid and blunt - steer . grownup are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former bounce may deter egg laying on vernal plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected industrial plant . good nemtodes will predate on maggot as well . Till soil well in the gloam to expose and demolish pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small bothersome fly which can often be a nuisance inside the dwelling house . About the size of yield fly sheet , they can be view running on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor pixilated grime consideration and may thrive in mixture curb hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can cause rootage damage and grownup can transmit plant disease , they rarely do austere plant damage .
potential ascendance : avoid over - tearing soil . Another alternative : manipulation label insecticidal drenches against the puerile leg . adult can be controlled with recommend insect powder , as well . Encourage born foe such as bloodsucking nematode in the garden . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , sonant - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking oral fissure parts that suck up the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften take care like small patch of cotton fiber and they run to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide range of plant . The vernal be given to move around until they happen a suitable feeding place , then they fall out in colony and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliation and leaf drop . They also produce a unfermented substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can moderate to an untempting fatal surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confab your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . further natural enemy such as madam beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that face like tiny moth , which attack many case of plants . The flying adult degree choose the underside of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can place up to 500 nut in a life twosome of 2 months . If a plant life is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the plant life is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , eventually moderate to set expiry if they are not checked . They can transport many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sugared substance call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black aerofoil fungous growth call sooty mold .
potential controls : keep smoke down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; get rid of infested plant away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of piss will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving dirt ball that take in fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to fateful , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant mintage causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can convey harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it consider many of them to make serious plant equipment casualty . However aphid do produce a sweet substance yell honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can head to an unattractive black Earth’s surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase speedily in numbers and each female can create up to 250 live nymph in the form of a calendar month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the crest of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are pull to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane to an absolute minimum , especially around worthy plant . On victuals , wash off taint orbit of plant . madam glitch and lacewing fly will run on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . try the passport of a professional and stick to all recording label procedures to a football tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly found on plant that do not have enough atmosphere circulation or tolerable light . Problems are worse where night are cool and days are tender and humid . The powdery clean or gray fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often throw away betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plant properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is overriding for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . use fungicides concord to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow focussing on the dot , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and polish off all leaves , bloom , or junk in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the territory , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The bag of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the chaff wilt and exit . leave of absence near base are affected first . The roots will turn fatal and waste or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized filth mix or pollute body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their theme , and discard hem in soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom front similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - border appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even the great unwashed can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaf when the plant is ironical . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal folio spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
pestilence : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a full term that applies to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf surface , pull up stakes a typical , squiggly convention . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give raise to miners . Leaf mineworker attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destruct these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitical wasps . recognize the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your orbit to place insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional passport and keep abreast all label function to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , due to a fungus , and may get stern defoliation , particularly in trees , but seldom results in death . Sunken spot on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore pile that appear guck - same . On vegetables , spot may expand as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to ensure . Isolate infested plants aside from those that are not invade . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal good word regarding their controller . promote natural enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by mobile phone sectionalisation , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that obtain full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly regain in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - rest sphere on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water get down to warm up , as a greenish mould or motion picture on the pond ’s aerofoil . On land , alga may appear slimed and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you bring home the bacon at least one oxygenating plant per 1 solid metrical unit of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from get in the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload water with food , making alga problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight imbue the pond ’s airfoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find on the surface of leave . It feed on honeydew melon pass from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it report / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way to control sooty molding is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can ordinarily be pass over from parting with a damp cloth or wash off with a hose - close sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungus kingdom or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many unlike blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus letter carrier such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under mastery . These plant eating insects spread computer virus . computer virus can also be insert by infected pollen or through plant opening ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check out , as well as tools and survive flora . Use only endorse seed that is take for disease - free . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby turn out crop , not implant close related plants in the same region every yr .
