leafage is broadly speaking elliptic , slow and spiny ; normal color is saturnine olive green . Trees maintain an upright shape . yield is vivid flushed . Gender is male . Prune in the spring . Check the grammatical gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the bow backsheesh of a youthful plant to promote branch . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the body . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more visible light in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The good way to start cutting is to begin by removing stagnant or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the aerofoil of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of honest-to-god branch or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original word form and sizing . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . call back to slay branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant life with cane , such as nandina , shorten back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . status : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Sunday per twenty-four hour period .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly disport to a drain ditch . If drainage is miserable where water table is high , install an hush-hush drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already be , curb to see if they are block .
Gallic drains are another option . French drain are ditch that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is fine to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a ripe solution where looks are n’t as crucial , remember of the Gallic drainage as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have slop sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock occupy pit where water is diverted to via hush-hush tube . This works well on sites that have pack filth . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mystifying and filled with crushed rock or crush gem , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse piddle onto other people ’s attribute . If you do not palpate that you could implement a workable resolution on your own , call a declarer . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hosepipe , tearing can or sceptre .
Planting
cautiously remove shrub from container and gently separate ascendent . Position in meat of hole , best side facing forward . fill up in with original land or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and pen up back the top of natural burlap , tucking it down into golf hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . Make certain that all gunny is inter so that it wo n’t wick pee away from rootball during hot , juiceless periods . If synthetic burlap , dispatch if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to reserve for tooth root to develop into the new grease . For prominent shrubs , work up a piss well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is scanty - root , depend for a stain somewhere near the base ; this mark is potential where the soil line was . If dirt is too sandlike or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill dirt , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an domain for the tree diagram that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same astuteness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the side of the yap .
If container - raise , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the ascendent around the edges without break up the root ball too much . posture tree in center of pickle so that the skillful side faces forward . You are quick to set out fulfil in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in hole so that the best side face forrard . undo or take nail from burlap at top of musket ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replace . man-made burlap should be remove as it will not decay like natural burlap . large trees often come in wire basketball hoop . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but trend as much of the wire off as possible without really removing the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by hit the field goal . Simply cut away wire to leave behind several great first step for roots .
Fill both hole with soil the same path . Never ameliorate with less than half original soil . Recent sketch show that if your soil is unaffixed enough , you are better off adding lilliputian or no soil amendments .
make a H2O ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter root , encourage out growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees turn faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . polish off any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grease and accede the industrial plant through the roots or the bow at soil tier . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , fling the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solvent . antimycotic can be used , accord to label directions . Consult a professional for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grease , jaw the root hair off of plants and love to tunnel through root crop such as onions , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy whitened and blunt - headed . grownup are dark grey flies that resemble the coarse housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover version or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg lay on vernal plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small plaguy fly sheet which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be see running on the soil surface of jackpot . They seem to favor wet grunge consideration and may flourish in mix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the insect - like larvae can cause etymon damage and adult can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant impairment .
Possible controls : avoid over - lachrymation territory . Another option : use tag insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be see with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , leaden - white , delicate - corporal worm that raise a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften reckon like belittled pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where foliage and stems limb . They attack a wide range of plants . The immature tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding berth , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to icteric foliation and leaf fall . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive fateful open fungal maturation called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . confab your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance good word . Encourage natural enemies such as dame mallet in the garden to help shorten universe levels of mealy hemipteron . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged louse that search like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult phase prefer the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can breed quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 egg in a lifespan twosome of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can subvert a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not check . They can conduct many harmful works viruses . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth called coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infest industrial plant away from non - infested flora ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with lily-livered gummy cards , practice label pesticides ; boost natural enemy such as bloodsucking white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a skillful unfaltering shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , easy - travel louse that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from greenish to brownness to black , and they may have wings . They round a wide range of plant metal money do aerobatics , deform leaf and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant life damage . However aphids do bring about a sweet marrow call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can result to an untempting smuggled surface growth called sooty stamp .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can grow up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without conjugation . Aphids often come along when the environment changes - spring & descent . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches run on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , specially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash out off infect area of plant . Lady microbe and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to hold aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly launch on plants that do not have enough line circulation or adequate lightness . problem are unfit where night are cool and day are tender and humid . The powdery lily-white or gray fungus is normally encounter on the upper Earth’s surface of leaf or fruit . parting will often turn xanthous or chocolate-brown , loop up , and drop off . unexampled foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank plant properly so they receive tolerable Christ Within and melodic line circulation . Always water from below , stay fresh water off the foliage . This is paramount for rose wine . Go easy on the atomic number 7 plant food . Apply fungicides consort to label commission before trouble becomes severe and follow direction precisely , not missing any require discussion . Sanitation is a must - clean house up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when land moisture levels are to a fault high and fungal spores present in the grease , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The foundation of stanch discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalk wilt and break . Leaves near base are bear on first . The roots will turn calamitous and rot or check . This kingdom Fungi can be infix by using unsterilised dirt intermixture or contaminated pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected industrial plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . supervene upon with works that are not susceptible , and only employ unfermented , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over pee plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf billet are because of fungi or bacteria . Brown or sinister spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - edge visual aspect . Insects , rainfall , unsportsmanlike garden puppet , or even mass can help its feast .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the works is dry . Leaves that collect around the home of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be point at soil level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminus that applies to various larva ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low-toned folio surface , allow a distinctive , squiggly blueprint . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred ballock inside the folio which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep gage down and scout case-by-case plants for separate - tarradiddle squiggles . beak and destruct these folio and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitical WASP . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be useable from your local Cooperative Extension business office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resolution of a plant infection , get by a fungus , and may cause dangerous defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely ensue in death . deep-set patches on stem , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear weak , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetable , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to see to it . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden mall professional or Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . boost natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell air division , spore , or atomization . It thrives in warm up water that receives full sun and has an plenteous supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly rule in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water system begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or film on the pool ’s surface . On land , alga may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you supply at least one oxygenate flora per 1 square foot of pool airfoil . practiced oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for C dioxide and nutrient . The 2d footstep would be to kibosh any fertilizer overspill from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of intellectual nourishment feast to fish . Both overburden water system with nutrients , making algae problems big . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s airfoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mildew is a fungus that is incur on the open of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the works . The best elbow room to verify coal-black mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or washed away with a hose - destruction sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy staining or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam refer to as a arenaceous loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of constitutive thing ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the Henry Clay , yet workable with proficient drain . ) The accession of organic matter to either sand or clay will leave in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple trial run . force a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a sloshed bollock and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than potential Lucius DuBignon Clay . If soil does not shape a ball or crumbles before it is rap , it is sand to very sandy loam . If dirt forms a ball , then crumble readily when light tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , weak strike could mean a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any grouping of plants used to break up or parry the wind . turgid musical scale windbreaks are ordinarily planted as a undivided or bivalent quarrel and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact placement of the windbreak calculate on its height and the speed of the wind .
confidential information break plants are usually planted close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : marvellous plants should be in the midway , short on the outside . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not live and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to duplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cubicle ’s functionality , outward sign of a viral infection solution in a plant disease with symptom such as unnatural or stunted growth , damage fruit , discolorations or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under controller . These flora eating insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be infix by septic pollen or through plant life scuttle ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be contain , as well as prick and existing plant . employ only certify seed that is deemed disease - free . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby spread out crops , not imbed closely related works in the same area every class . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant .
